You want to make your career in computer networking .

Start learning today . Just improve your knowledge and start your career in information technology

Basics of Computer Networking

Computer networking is the technique of linking computers so that they may communicate and exchange data with one another. A computer network is a grouping of two or more computers. It makes it easier for users to converse. In this essay, we will go over the fundamentals that everyone should know before diving into Computer Networking.

Computer Networking

What Is the Main Use of a Computer Network?

Nodes and Links are the fundamental building blocks of a computer network. A Network Node can be represented as Data Communication Equipment such as a Modem, Router, etc., or Data Terminal Equipment such as linking two or more computers. A link in a computer network can be characterized as a wire, a cable, or the free space of a wireless network.

The operation of computer networks can be simply defined as rules or protocols that aid in the transmission and reception of data across the links

Basic Computer Network Terminologies

Network: A network is a group of computers and devices that are linked together to allow for communication and data sharing.

Nodes: A network is a group of computers and devices that are linked together to allow for communication and data sharing.

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted over a network. Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.

Topology: The physical and logical arrangement of nodes on a network is referred to as network topology. Bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree are common network topologies.

Service Provider Networks: These networks allow users to lease network capacity and functionality from the provider. Wireless Communications, Data Carriers, and other Servic

e Provider Networks are examples of Service Provider Networks.

IP Address: An IP address is a unique numerical identity assigned to each network device. IP addresses are used to identify devices and allow them to communicate with one another.

DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a mechanism that converts human-readable domain names (such as www.google.com) into computer-readable IP addresses.

Firewall: A firewall is a type of security equipment that monitors and controls network traffic both incoming and outgoing. Firewalls safeguard networks against unauthorized access and other security concerns.

Types of Enterprise Computer Networks

LAN: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that serves a limited area, such as a home or workplace. Local area networks (LANs) are commonly used to connect computers and other devices within a building or campus.

WAN: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that spans a vast geographical area, such as a city, a country, or even the entire globe. WANs are networks that connect LANs and are often used for long-distance communication.

Cloud Networks: Cloud networks can be represented as a Wide Area Network (WAN) since they can be hosted on public or private cloud service providers, and cloud networks are available on demand. Cloud networks are made up of Virtual Routers, Firewalls, and other components.

These are just a few fundamental computer networking ideas. Networking is a huge and complex field, with many more concepts and technologies involved in network construction and maintenance. Now we'll go over some additional computer networking topics.

Open system: A system that is connected to the network and is ready for communication.
Closed system: A system that is not connected to the network and can’t be communicated with.

Types of Computer Network Architecture

Computer networks are categorized as follows:

Client-Server Architecture: Client-Server Architecture refers to a sort of computer network architecture in which nodes can be either servers or clients. The server node can manage the Client Node Behavior from this place.

Peer-to-Peer Architecture: There is no concept of a Central Server in P2P (Peer-to-Peer) Architecture. Each device can function as either a client or a server.

Network Devices

An interconnection of several devices, also known as hosts, that are linked via multiple channels to send/receive data or media. Computer networks can also include several devices/mediums that aid in communication between two separate devices; these are referred to as Network devices and include routers, switches, hubs, and bridges.

Network Devices

Network Topology

The layout arrangement of the various devices in a network is referred to as network topology. Bus, Star, Mesh, Ring, and Daisy chain are common examples.

Network Topology

OSI Model

OSI is a shortened form that stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It is a reference model that specifies communication protocol standards as well as the functionalities of each tier. The International Organization For Standardization created the OSI, which is a seven-layer design. Each OSI layer serves a particular purpose and must adhere to different protocols. These are the seven layers:

•             Physical Layer

•             Data link Layer

•             Network Layer

•             Transport Layer

•             Session Layer

•             Presentation Layer

•             Application Layer

Protocol :- A protocol is a set of rules or algorithms that describe how two entities can communicate across a network, and each layer of the OSI model has its own protocol. TCP, IP, UDP, ARP, DHCP, FTP, and other protocols are examples.

Unique Identifiers of Network

Hostname: Each network device is assigned a unique device name known as Hostname. In the command prompt (Administrator Mode), type "hostname" and hit 'Enter' to see your machine's hostname.

HostName

IP Address (Internet Protocol address): The IP Address, also known as the Logical Address, is the system's network address throughout the network. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) issues an IPV4 (Version 4) address as a unique identifier to any device on the Internet in order to identify it. Because an IPv4 address is 32 bits long, we have 232 IP addresses accessible. An IPv6 address has a length of 128 bits.

In the command prompt, type "ipconfig" and hit 'Enter' to get the device's IP address.

MAC Address (Media Access Control address): The MAC Address, also known as the physical address, is the unique identity of each host and is coupled with the NIC (Network Interface Card). At the time of manufacture, the NIC is allocated a MAC address. The MAC address is 12 nibbles/ 6 bytes/ 48 bits long. In the command prompt, type "ipconfig/all" and hit 'Enter' to get the MAC address.

Port: A port is a logical channel that allows data to be sent and received by an application. Any host may be running numerous apps, and each of these programs is recognized by the port number on which it is operating.

A port number is a 16-bit integer, hence, we have 216 ports available which are categorized as shown below:

The total number of ports is 65,536.

Range: 0 - 65535

In the command prompt, type "netstat -a" and hit 'Enter' to see a list of all the ports that are currently in use.

List of Ports

Socket: The unique combination of IP address and Port number together is termed a Socket.

Search This Blog

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE